View source for Ranged Weapons

'''Ranged Weapons''', which include bows and crossbows, are used to launch ammunition at enemies from a distance.

When held in the '''left hand''', missile weapons function normally as ranged weapons. However, in a pinch the user may switch the weapon to the right hand, where it may be used as a melee weapon. In this situation, the user's [[Defensive Strength]] will be also calculated based on the appropriate melee weapon skill instead of ranged weapons skill.

To use a ranged weapon, the user should have a bundle of ammunition (arrows for bows, or bolts for crossbows) in their inventory. Use the {{boldmono|[[READY]]}} command to select the ammunition (for example: {{boldmono|READY AMMO MY ARROWS}}). Most ammo bundles have infinite uses, so this only needs to be done once. Then use the {{boldmono|[[FIRE]]}} command to attack.

Bows have a firing [[roundtime]] determined by the base roundtime subtracted by one's [[strength]] bonus divided by ten.  So, in order to get a 3 second RT using a long bow, the archer needs a strength bonus of 40. The strength bonus takes into account spells, [[enhancive]]s, and [[Surge of Strength]].  Sniping (shooting a target from hiding) and aiming (using the [[AIM (verb)|aim]] verb with the option of anything but random) each add one second to the shooter's roundtime.  These are cumulative, so a shot with a long bow from hiding that is aiming at the left eye will incur a nine second roundtime when shooting without any strength bonus. The minimum firing roundtime is 3 seconds, including if sniping/aiming.

Crossbows have a fixed roundtime of 4 seconds for hand/light crossbows and 5 seconds for heavy crossbows, not affected by strength and regardless of aiming or sniping. Crossbows may be {{boldmono|[[COCK]]}}ed prior to firing, which immediately takes 2 seconds of roundtime but will reduce the subsequent firing roundtime by 2 seconds. (For example, a light crossbow can cock for 2 seconds then fire in 2 seconds.)

== Max Ranks and Training Point costs ==
{{skill|
  | Bardranks     = 2 || Bardcost     = 4/2
  | Clericranks   = 1 || Clericcost   = 9/3
  | Empathranks   = 1 || Empathcost   = 14/3
  | Monkranks     = 2 || Monkcost     = 4/1
  | Paladinranks  = 2 || Paladincost  = 6/2
  | Rangerranks   = 2 || Rangercost   = 3/1
  | Rogueranks    = 2 || Roguecost    = 3/1
  | Sorcererranks = 1 || Sorcerercost = 14/3
  | Warriorranks  = 2 || Warriorcost  = 2/1
  | Wizardranks   = 1 || Wizardcost   = 14/3
|}}

== Damage Factors and Attack versus Defense ==

{{Weapon table start}}
{{Weapon table short bow}}
{{Weapon table composite bow}}
{{weapon table long bow}}
{{Weapon table hand crossbow}}
{{Weapon table light crossbow}}
{{Weapon table heavy crossbow}}
{{Weapon table end}}

==Arrow/Bolt Tips==

As per the recent archery updates, you may now add different arrow/bolt tip types to your bundles to adjust how they perform under different circumstances. 

In order to do so, you must have 400 ranks in the [[Fletching|fletching skill]]. Hold 10 of the tip type you wish to add in the LEFT HAND and a bundle of the bolt/arrows you wish to modify in the RIGHT HAND. Type FLETCH TIP and it will ask you if you wish to confirm, warning you that all changes are permanent and the damage type will be changed from its current type to the new type. Type FLETCH TIP once more to continue.

A table outlining the four arrow/bolt tip types and how they adjust your arrow or bolt:

{|{{prettytable}}
|-style = "background:#DDD; color: blue"
!Tip
!DF Bonus/Penalty 
!AvD Bonus/Penalty
!Damage Type
|-align=center
|'''Broadhead (Default)'''
|.000 
|0
| [[Puncture critical table|Puncture]] (66%)/[[Slash critical table|Slash]] (33%)
|-align=center
|'''Blunt'''
| -.050
| +10
| [[Unbalance critical table|Unbalance]]
|-align=center
|'''Bodkin Point'''
| See below
| +5 vs Chain/Plate
| [[Puncture critical table|Puncture]] (66%)/[[Slash critical table|Slash]] (33%)
|-align=center
|'''Crescent'''
|.000
| 0
| [[Slash critical table|Slash]] (83%)/[[Puncture critical table|Puncture]] (16%)
|}

In the case of the bodkin point, the exact [[Damage Factor|DF]] changes are as follows: Cloth -0.050, Leather -0.025, Scale -0.010 Chain +0.025, Plate +0.015

As you can see, this makes the bodkin point superior to a normal arrow tip against chain and plate, but worse against scale and lower.

== Attack Strength ==

Ranged [[Attack Strength]] (AS) is calculated using the formula:

<pre style="margin-left:2em; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:1em; padding-left:0; padding-top:0; padding-bottom:0; border:none; background:none">
Ranged AS =   DEX Bonus
            + Ranged Weapons Skill Bonus
            + [(Perception Ranks - 40) / 4]
            + [(Ambush Ranks - 40) / 4]
            + Weapon Enchantment
            + Crossbow Kneeling Bonus
</pre>

This is then multiplied by [[STANCE]].

Notes:
*DEX Bonus is directly calculated from the character's [[Dexterity]]
*Perception only gives additional AS up to 2x ranks per level, even if a character can train more ranks or uses skill enhancive items. For example, at level 50, up to 102 ranks in Perception will count towards ranged AS.
*The bonus from Ambush can exceed 2x with enhancives.
*The -40 to ranks in the formula never results in a negative number. The bonus does not start till you have 40 ranks in either skill.
*Weapon Enchantment - '''The entire enchant comes from the bow/crossbow itself'''. Prior to the ranged changes, the enchant on the arrow stacked with the enchant on the bow up to 10x. Except in the case of special quivers and bows, this is no longer the case.
*While firing a light or heavy crossbow, kneeling or lying down adds +30 AS. This bonus does not apply to the hand crossbow.

Those with 500 ranks in [[Fletching|fletching]] can give their bundle of ammo +5 [[AvD]] for 100 shots, once per hour. To do this, hold the ammo bundle you wish to modify in your RIGHT HAND and type FLETCH MASTER.

== Critical Weighting ==

Critical weighting is applied to ranged attacks using the formula: trunc((INT + WIS) / 6).<ref>GM Naijin, [https://discordapp.com/channels/226045346399256576/532373273816858636/692608410356809738 "Conversation About Statistics-Related CER"], ''GemStone IV Discord#Mechanics'', 2020-03-26T05:35:00Z</ref> The following table shows the aforementioned relationship.

{|
|
:{| {{prettytable|1=text-align:center; width:100%; margin-left:0px;}}
!align=right style="width:240px;"|[[Intuition]] + [[Wisdom]] Bonus||0||6||12||18||24||30||36||42||48||54||60||66||72||78||84||90||96
|-
!align=right|Critical Weighting
|0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||10||11||12||13||14||15||16
|}
|}

== Aiming ==

The chance to hit the left or right eye of a target is capped at 75%.<ref>GM Naijin, [https://discordapp.com/channels/226045346399256576/532373273816858636/696456495122087970 "Conversation About Aiming Ranged Weapons"], ''GemStone IV Discord#Mechanics'', 2020-04-05T20:29:00Z</ref> Characters can achieve this through skill alone before level cap against like-level creatures with normal conditions.

For more granular breakdown and specific evaluation, see the aiming formula: [[Aiming Success]]

== Resources ==

*[[The Art of the Bow (guide)|The Art of the Bow: Guide]]
*[[Starchitin's rogue sniper guide]]
*[[Puncture critical table]]
*[[Sighting]]
*[[List of woods]]
*[https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Z6rt_HxSgSrmAoOwhVKmlgjG5vvSkHRn8c6CConnS7U/edit 2020 Archery Update]
*[https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1vXaTvjynMs0yMzKWQBzWD3PExKSzvUo2De-XyPkbBGc/edit#gid=0 Combined AvD/DF of Ammo Tips]
*[[/saved posts|Saved posts]]
*[http://www.play.net/gs4/info/armory/missileweapons.asp Missile Weapons], on Play.net
*[http://forums.play.net/forums/GemStone%20IV/Combat,%20Magic,%20and%20Character%20Mechanics/Weapons/view Officials folder]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20150416033124/http://www.archeryhaven.com/gs4.html The Archery Haven guide], on Archeryhaven.com (web archive)

== References ==

[[Category:Skills]]
[[Category:Weapon Skills]]
[[Category:Weapons| ]]